Usoro transglycosidation na-eji D-glucose dị ka akụrụngwa.

Fischer glycosidation bụ naanị usoro nke njikọ kemịkal nke nyerela aka mmepe nke usoro akụ na ụba na teknụzụ zuru oke taa maka nnukwu mmepụta nke alkyl polyglucosides. Achọpụtala osisi mmepụta nke nwere ikike karịrị 20,000 t / afọ wee gbasaa ụdị ngwaahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ surfactants na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'elu dabere na akụrụngwa enwere ike imeghari. D-glucose na linear C8-C16 fatty alcohols egosila na ọ bụ nri nri kacha amasị. Enwere ike ịmegharị ihe ndị a ka ọ bụrụ alkyl polyglycosides na-arụ ọrụ n'elu site na Fischer glycosylation kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ site na transglycosides nzọụkwụ abụọ nke butyl polyglycoside n'ihu onye na-eme ka acid acid, na mmiri dị ka ngwaahịa. A ga-ekpochapụ mmiri site na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume iji gbanwee nha nha mmeghachi omume na ngwaahịa achọrọ. N'ime usoro glycosylation, a ga-ezere inhomogeneities na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume n'ihi na ha nwere ike ibute oke oke nke a na-akpọ polydextrose, nke na-adịghị mma. Ya mere, ọtụtụ teknuzu atumatu na-elekwasị anya na homogenous educts n-glucose na mmanya, nke siri ike miscible n'ihi na ha dị iche iche polarities. N'oge mmeghachi omume, a na-etolite njikọ glycosidic ma n'etiti mmanya na-aba ụba na n-glucose yana n'etiti nkeji n-glucose n'onwe ha. N'ihi ya, Alkyl polyglucosides na-etolite dị ka ngwakọta nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị nwere ọnụọgụ glucose dị iche iche na ihe fọdụrụnụ alkyl ogologo. Nke ọ bụla n'ime akụkụ ndị a, n'aka nke ya, mejupụtara ọtụtụ ihe mejupụtara isomeric, ebe ọ bụ na nkeji n-glucose na-ewere ụdị anomeric dị iche iche na ụdị mgbanaka na nha kemịkalụ n'oge Fischer glycosidation na njikọ glycosidic n'etiti nkeji D-glucose na-eme n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ njikọ. . Oke anomer nke nkeji D-glucose dị ihe dịka α/β＝ 2: 1 ma yie ka ọ siri ike itinye aka n'okpuru ọnọdụ akọwapụtara nke njikọ Fischer. N'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ a na-achịkwa, nkeji n-glucose dị na ngwakọta ngwaahịa na-adịkarị n'ụdị pyranosides. Nkezi ọnụọgụ glucose nkịtị kwa nkeji alkyl, nke a na-akpọ ogo polymerization, bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi ọrụ nke oke molar nke educts n'oge usoro nrụpụta. N'ihi ihe ndị dị na ha dị ịrịba ama, alkyl polyglycosides nwere ogo polymerization n'etiti 1 na 3 ka a na-ahọrọ karịsịa, n'ihi ya, a ghaghị iji ihe dị ka 3-10 mole nke mmanya na-egbu egbu mee ihe kwa mole nke glucose nkịtị na usoro a.

Ogo nke polymerization na-ebelata na mmụba nke mmanya na-aba ụba nke abụba abụba. A na-ekewa mmanya na-aba n'anya nke ukwuu wee nwetaghachi ya site na usoro mgbasa ikuku dị iche iche na ihe na-ekupụ ihe nkiri na-ada ada, nke na-eme ka o kwe omume idobe nrụgide okpomọkụ kacha nta. Okpomọkụ evaporation kwesịrị ịdị elu nke ukwuu yana oge kọntaktị na mpaghara ọkụ dị ogologo oge iji hụ na mbelata oke mmanya na-aba n'anya na eruba nke alkyl polyglucoside gbazere, na-enweghị mmeghachi omume ire ere ọ bụla. Enwere ike iji usoro nke evaporation rụọ ọrụ nke ọma iji kewaa akụkụ ndị mbụ na-esi esi obere, wee mechaa ọnụ ọgụgụ mmanya na-aba n'anya, na n'ikpeazụ mmanya na-aba n'anya fọdụrụnụ ruo mgbe a na-enweta alkyl polyglucoside dị ka ihe fọdụrụ na mmiri.

Ọbụlagodi mgbe a na-eme njikọ na evaporation nke mmanya na-aba n'anya n'okpuru ọnọdụ kachasị dị nro, ngbanwe agba aja aja na-achọghị, na-akpọ maka usoro ịcha ọcha iji mee ka ngwaahịa ndị ahụ dị mma. Otu ụzọ ịcha ọcha nke gosipụtara dabara adaba bụ mgbakwunye nke oxidants dị ka hydrogen peroxide na nkwadebe mmiri nke alkyl polyglucosides na ọkara alkaline n'ihu ion magnesium.

Nnyocha dị iche iche na ụdị dị iche iche a na-arụ n'ọrụ n'oge nhazi, arụ ọrụ, na nnụcha na-egosi na ọbụna taa enweghị ngwọta "turnkey" n'ozuzu ọdabara maka inweta akara ule ngwaahịa. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, usoro usoro niile kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ, mezie n'otu n'otu, na kachasị mma. Isiakwụkwọ a enyela aro ma kọwapụta ụzọ ụfọdụ nwere ike ime iji chepụta azịza teknụzụ, yana ikwupụta ọnọdụ kemịkalụ na nke anụ ahụ maka ime mmeghachi omume, nkewa, na nhazi usoro.

Usoro atọ bụ isi - transglycosidation, usoro slurry, na usoro nri glucose - enwere ike iji n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ. N'oge transglycosidation, ịta nke butyl polyglucoside etiti, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka solubilizer maka educts D-glucose na butanol, ga-edobe ihe dị ka 15% na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume iji zere inhomogeneities. Maka otu nzube ahụ, a ghaghị idobe ntinye mmiri na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume nke a na-arụ ọrụ maka njikọ Fischer kpọmkwem nke alkyl polyglucosides na ihe na-erughị 1%. N'ihe dị n'ime mmiri dị elu, enwere ike ịtụgharị D-glucose kristal akwụsịla ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu ihe na-adịghị mma, nke ga-emesị weta nhazi ọjọọ na oke polymerization. Mmetụta dị mma na homogenization na-akwalite nkesa dị mma na reactivity nke crystalline D-glucose na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume.

A ghaghị ịtụle ma ihe gbasara nkà na ụzụ na nke akụ na ụba mgbe ị na-ahọrọ usoro nhazi na ụdị ya ọkaibe. Usoro transglycosidation homogenous dabere na sirop D-glucose pụtara nke ọma maka mmepụta na-aga n'ihu n'ọtụtụ buru ibu. Ha na-enye ohere nchekwa na-adịgide adịgide na crystallization nke akụrụngwa D-glucose n'ime agbụ a gbakwunyere uru, nke karịrị akwụ ụgwọ maka itinye ego dị elu otu oge na usoro transglycosidation na mgbake nke butanol. Ojiji nke n-butanol adịghị enye ihe ọghọm ndị ọzọ, ebe ọ bụ na enwere ike ịmegharị ya nke ọma ka ihe fọdụrụnụ na ngwaahịa ikpeazụ enwetara bụ naanị akụkụ ole na ole kwa nde, nke enwere ike iwere na ọ bụ enweghị nka. Direct Fischer glycosidation dabere na usoro slurry ma ọ bụ usoro nri glucose na-enye usoro transglycosidation na mgbake nke butanol. Enwere ike ịme ya mgbe niile ma kpọọ oku maka mmefu ego dị ntakịrị ala.

Ọdịnihu nnweta na ọnụ ahịa nke akụrụngwa na akụrụngwa mmeghari ohuru, yana ọganihu teknụzụ ọzọ na mmepụta na itinye alkyl polyglucosides, enwere ike ịtụ anya inwe mmetụta dị mkpa na mmepe nke olu ahịa nke ikpeazụ na ike nrụpụta. Ngwọta teknụzụ dị mma nke dị adịlarị maka mmepụta na ojiji nke alkyl polyglucosides nwere ike inye ụlọ ọrụ ndị mepụtarala ma ọ bụ were usoro dị otú ahụ nnukwu asọmpi dị mkpa n'ahịa ahịa. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ahịa mmanụ dị elu na ọnụ ahịa ọka dị ala. Ebe ọ bụ na ọnụ ahịa n'ichepụta a na-akwụ ụgwọ bụ n'ezie na ọkwa omenala maka nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọbụlagodi obere mbelata na ọnụahịa nke akụrụngwa akụrụngwa nwere ike ịkwado nnọchi nke ngwa ahịa surfactants ma nwee ike ịgbanye n'ụzọ doro anya ntinye nke osisi mmepụta ọhụrụ maka alkyl polyglucosides.