Njirimara nke Alkyl Polyglucosides

Dị ka polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers,alkyl polyglycosidesna-emekarị teknuzu surfactants. A na-emepụta ha site n'ụdị dị iche iche nke Fischer synthesis na mejupụtara nkesa nke ụdị nwere ogo dị iche iche nke glycosidation gosiri site n'ọnụ n-uru. Akọwapụtara nke a dị ka nha nke mkpokọta glucose molar na molar mmanya mmanya na-aba ụba n'ime alkyl polyglucoside, na-eburu n'uche ịdị arọ molekụla mgbe ejiri ngwakọta mmanya na-aba ụba. Dịka e kwurula ọtụtụ n'ime alkyl polyglucosides dị mkpa maka ngwa nwere n-uru nke 1.1-1.7. N'ihi ya, ha nwere alkyl monoglucosides na alkyl diglucosides dị ka ndị bụ isi ihe, yana obere ego nke alkyl triglucosides, alkyl tetraglucosides, wdg ruo alkyl octaglucosides ma e wezụga ndị oligomers, obere ego (nke a 1-2%) nke ọdụdụ mmanya na-eji. njikọ polyglucose, na salts, tumadi n'ihi catalysis (1.5-2.5%), na-adị mgbe niile. A na-agbakọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a gbasara ihe na-arụ ọrụ. Ebe enwere ike ịkọwapụta polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ethoxylates ndị ọzọ n'ụzọ doro anya site na nkesa nke ịdị arọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nkọwa nke yiri ya ezughị oke maka alkyl polyglucosides n'ihi na isomerism dị iche iche na-ebute ngwaahịa dị mgbagwoju anya. Esemokwu dị na klas abụọ surfactant na-ebute ihe dị iche iche sitere na mmekọrịta siri ike nke ndị isi na mmiri na akụkụ nke ibe ha.

Otu ethoxylate nke polyoxyethylene alkyl ether na-emekọ ihe nke ọma na mmiri, na-eme njikọ hydrogen n'etiti oxygen ethylene na mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri, ya mere na-ewulite shells hydration micellar ebe nhazi mmiri dị ukwuu (entropy na enthalpy dị ala) karịa na nnukwu mmiri. Ọdịdị hydration dị oke egwu. Na-emekarị n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri abụọ na atọ na-ejikọta na otu EO ọ bụla.

N'ịtụle ndị isi glucosyl nwere ọrụ OH atọ maka monoglucoside ma ọ bụ asaa maka diglucoside, a na-atụ anya omume alkyl glucoside dị iche na nke polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers. Ewezuga mmekọrịta siri ike na mmiri, enwekwara ike dị n'etiti otu surfactant headgroups na micelles yana n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ. Ebe ọ bụ ezie na polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers naanị ya bụ mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike na-agbaze dị ala, alkyl polyglucosides bụ ihe na-agbaze dị elu n'ihi njikọ nke hydrogen intermolecular n'etiti otu glucosyl agbataobi. Ha na-egosipụta njirimara kristal dị iche iche nke thermotropic, dị ka a ga-atụle n'okpuru. Njikọ hydrogen intermolecular dị n'etiti otu ndị isi na-ahụkwa maka ịdị nro ha dị ntakịrị na mmiri.

Banyere glucose n'onwe ya, mmekọrịta nke otu glucosyl na ụmụ irighiri mmiri gbara ya gburugburu bụ n'ihi nnukwu njikọ hydrogen. Maka glucose, mkpokọta mmiri nke tetrahedral a haziri ahazi dị elu karịa na mmiri naanị. N'ihi ya, glucose, na eleghị anya nakwa alkyl glucosides, nwere ike nkewa dị ka "onye na-emepụta ihe," omume nke yiri nke ethoxylates.

N'iji ya tụnyere omume nke ethoxylate micelle, dielectric interfacial dị irè nke alkyl glucoside dị elu karịa nke mmiri karịa nke ethoxylate. Ya mere, mpaghara gburugburu isi otu na alkyl glucoside micelle dị ka mmiri mmiri.