Uzo esi emeputa ALKYL GLUCOSIDES

Fischer glycosidation bụ naanị usoro nke njikọ kemịkal nke nyerela aka mmepe nke usoro akụ na ụba na teknụzụ zuru oke taa maka nnukwu mmepụta nke alkyl polyglucosides. Achọpụtala osisi mmepụta nke nwere ikike karịrị 20,000 t / afọ wee gbasaa ụdị ngwaahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ surfactants na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'elu dabere na akụrụngwa enwere ike imeghari. D-glucose na linear C8-C16 fatty alcohols egosila na ọ bụ nri nri kacha amasị. Enwere ike ịmegharị usoro ndị a ka ọ bụrụ alkyl polyglucosides na-arụ ọrụ n'elu site na Fischer glycosidation ma ọ bụ transglycosidation nzọụkwụ abụọ site na butyl polyglucoside n'ihu ihe na-eme ka acid, na mmiri dị ka ngwaahịa. A ga-ekpochapụ mmiri ahụ site na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume iji gbanwee nha nha mmeghachi omume na ngwaahịa achọrọ. N'oge usoro glycosidation, a ga-ezere inhomogeneities na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume, n'ihi na ha na-eduga n'ichepụta oke nke a na-akpọ polyglucosides, nke na-adịghị mma. Ọtụtụ atụmatụ teknụzụ na-etinye uche na homogenizing na educts n-glucose na alcohols, nke na-adịghị mma miscible n'ihi na ha dị iche na polarity. N'oge mmeghachi omume, a na-etolite njikọ glycosidic ma n'etiti mmanya na-aba ụba na n-glucose yana n'etiti nkeji n-glucose n'onwe ha. N'ihi ya, Alkyl polyglucosides na-etolite dị ka ngwakọta nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị nwere ọnụọgụ glucose dị iche iche na ihe fọdụrụnụ alkyl ogologo. Nke ọ bụla n'ime akụkụ ndị a, n'aka nke ya, mejupụtara ọtụtụ ihe mejupụtara isomeric, ebe ọ bụ na nkeji n-glucose na-ewere ụdị anomeric dị iche iche na ụdị mgbanaka na nha kemịkalụ n'oge Fischer glycosidation na njikọ glycosidic n'etiti nkeji D-glucose na-eme n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ njikọ. . Oke anomer nke nkeji D-glucose dị ihe dịka α/β＝ 2: 1 ma yie ka ọ siri ike itinye aka n'okpuru ọnọdụ akọwapụtara nke njikọ Fischer. N'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ a na-achịkwa, nkeji n-glucose dị na ngwakọta ngwaahịa na-adịkarị n'ụdị pyranosides. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke n-glucose nkeji kwa alkyl residue, nke a na-akpọ ogo polymerization, bụ n'ezie ọrụ nke molar ratio nke educts n'oge mmepụta. N'ihi na ha akpọpụtara surfactant kwesịrị ekwesị[1] agbatị, a na-enye mmasị pụrụ iche na alkyl polyglucosides nwere ogo polymerization n'etiti 1 na 3, nke a ga-eji ihe dịka 3-10 mol fatty mmanya kwa mole nke n-glucose na usoro a.

Ogo nke polymerization na-ebelata ka mmanya na-aba n'anya na-abawanye ụba. A na-ekewa mmanya na-aba ụba nke ukwuu ma nwetaghachi ya site na usoro nkwụsịtụ oghere na-adaba na ihe nkiri na-ada ada, nke mere na enwere ike idobe nrụgide okpomọkụ na opekempe. Okpomọkụ evaporation kwesịrị ịdị elu nke ukwuu yana oge kọntaktị na mpaghara ọkụ dị ogologo oge iji hụ na mbelata mmanya na-aba n'anya na-agbaze nke alkyl polyglucoside na-enweghị mmeghachi omume ire ere. A na-eji usoro nke evaporation nke ọma mee ihe iji kewaa mbụ nke dị obere na-esi esi, mgbe ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ isi nke mmanya na-aba n'anya, na n'ikpeazụ mmanya na-aba n'anya fọdụrụnụ, ruo mgbe alkyl polyglycoside gbazere dị ka ihe fọdụrụ na mmiri.

Ọbụna n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị nro maka njikọ na evaporation nke mmanya na-egbu egbu, nchacha agba aja aja na-adịghị mma ga-eme, a na-achọkwa usoro ịcha ọcha iji mee ka ngwaahịa ahụ dị ọcha. Otu ụzọ nke ịcha ọcha nke gosipụtara na ọ dị mma bụ ịgbakwunye ihe na-emepụta ihe na-ekpo ọkụ, dị ka hydrogen peroxide, na nhazi mmiri nke alkyl polyglycoside na ala alkaline n'ihu ion magnesium.

Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ na variants eji na njikọ, post-processing na refining usoro na-ekwe nkwa na ọbụna taa, ọ ka nwere ọtụtụ ebe ọdabara "turnkey" ngwọta iji nweta kpọmkwem ngwaahịa ọkwa. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ka ịmepụta usoro usoro niile. Dongfu na-enye ụfọdụ aro maka nhazi ngwọta na ngwọta teknụzụ, ma kọwaa ọnọdụ kemịkalụ na anụ ahụ maka mmeghachi omume, nkewa na nhazi nhazi.

Usoro atọ bụ isi - transglycosidation, usoro slurry, na usoro nri glucose - enwere ike iji n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ. N'oge transglycosidation, ịta nke butyl polyglucoside etiti, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka solubilizer maka educts D-glucose na butanol, ga-edobe ihe dị ka 15% na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume iji zere inhomogeneities. Maka otu nzube ahụ, a ghaghị idobe ntinye mmiri na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume nke a na-arụ ọrụ maka njikọ Fischer kpọmkwem nke alkyl polyglucosides na ihe na-erughị 1%. N'ihe dị n'ime mmiri dị elu, enwere ike ịtụgharị D-glucose kristal akwụsịla ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu ihe na-adịghị mma, nke ga-emesị weta nhazi ọjọọ na oke polymerization. Mmetụta dị mma na homogenization na-akwalite nkesa dị mma na reactivity nke crystalline D-glucose na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume.

A ghaghị ịtụle ma ihe gbasara nkà na ụzụ na nke akụ na ụba mgbe ị na-ahọrọ usoro nhazi na ụdị ya ọkaibe. Usoro transglycosidation homogenous dabere na sirop D-glucose pụtara nke ọma maka mmepụta na-aga n'ihu n'ọtụtụ buru ibu. Ha na-enye ohere nchekwa na-adịgide adịgide na crystallization nke akụrụngwa D-glucose n'ime agbụ a gbakwunyere uru, nke karịrị akwụ ụgwọ maka itinye ego dị elu otu oge na usoro transglycosidation na mgbake nke butanol. Ojiji nke n-butanol adịghị enye ihe ọghọm ndị ọzọ, ebe ọ bụ na enwere ike ịmegharị ya nke ọma ka ihe fọdụrụnụ na ngwaahịa ikpeazụ enwetara bụ naanị akụkụ ole na ole kwa nde, nke enwere ike iwere na ọ bụ enweghị nka. Direct Fischer glycosidation dabere na usoro slurry ma ọ bụ usoro nri glucose na-enye usoro transglycosidation na mgbake nke butanol. Enwere ike ịme ya mgbe niile ma kpọọ oku maka mmefu ego dị ntakịrị ala.

N'ọdịnihu, ọkọnọ na ọnụahịa nke fossil na ihe ndị na-emegharịghachi, yana ọganihu nkà na ụzụ na mmepụta nke alkyl polysaccharides, ga-enwe mmetụta dị mkpa na ikike ahịa na mmepụta ikike nke mmepe na ngwa. Base polysaccharide enweelarị ụzọ ọrụ aka ya nke nwere ike inye uru asọmpi dị mkpa na ahịa ọgwụgwọ elu maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-etolite ma ọ bụ nabata usoro ndị dị otú ahụ. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa mgbe ọnụ ahịa dị elu na ala. Ọnụ ahịa nrụpụta nke onye na-emepụta ihe arịgoro n'ọkwa mbụ, ọ bụrụgodị na ọnụ ahịa akụrụngwa mpaghara dara ntakịrị, ọ nwere ike idozi ihe ndị na-anọchi anya surfactants ma nwee ike ịkwado ntinye nke osisi mmepụta alkyl polysaccharide ọhụrụ.