Enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ maka ịkwadebe alkyl polyglycosides ma ọ bụ ngwakọta alkyl polyglucosides. Ụzọ dị iche iche sịntetik dị iche iche sitere na ụzọ stereotactic synthetic ụzọ na-eji otu nchebe (na-eme ka ogige dị oke nhọrọ) na ụzọ sịntetik na-adịghị ahọrọ (ịgwakọta isomers na oligomers).
Usoro nrụpụta ọ bụla kwesịrị ekwesị maka iji ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọrụ ga-enwerịrị ọtụtụ njirisi. Ọ kachasị mkpa ịmepụta ngwaahịa nwere ihe ndị kwesịrị ekwesị na usoro akụ na ụba. Enwere akụkụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka ibelata mmetụta ma ọ bụ ihe mkpofu na ikuku. Teknụzụ eji eme ihe kwesịrị ịdị na-agbanwe ka arụmọrụ ngwaahịa na njirimara dị mma wee kwekọọ n'ahịa chọrọ.
Na mmepụta mmepụta ihe nke alkyl polyglycosides, usoro nke dabeere na njikọ Fischer enwewo ọganihu. Mmepe ha malitere ihe dị ka afọ 20 gara aga ma gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'ime afọ iri gara aga. Mmepe n'oge oge a kwere ka usoro njikọ ahụ dịkwuo mma na n'ikpeazụ mara mma maka ngwa mmepụta ihe. Nkwalite na-arụ ọrụ, ọkachasị n'iji mmanya ogologo yinye dị ka dodecanol/tetradecanol.
(C12-14 -OH), emela ka ọ dị mma ngwaahịa yana usoro akụ na ụba. Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ na Fischer Synthesis bụ ngosipụta nke ihe mkpofu dị ala, nkà na ụzụ efu efu. Uru ọzọ nke njikọ Fischer bụ na nkezi ogo nke polymerization nke ngwaahịa nwere ike ịchịkwa ọtụtụ nkenke. Ya mere, ihe ndị metụtara ya, dị ka hydrophilicity / mmiri-solubility, nwere ike gbanwee iji mezuo ihe achọrọ. Na mgbakwunye, glucose anhydrous anaghị emetụta ntọala akụrụngwa.
1. Ihe eji eme ihe maka mmepụta nke alkyl polyglycosides
1.1 mmanya na-egbu egbu
Enwere ike nweta mmanya na-egbu egbu site na nri nri petrochemical (synthetic fatty alcohols) ma ọ bụ site na ihe okike, nke enwere ike imeghari dị ka abụba na mmanụ (alcohol fatty fatty). A na-eji ngwakọta mmanya na-egbu egbu na njikọ nke alkyl glycosides iji guzobe akụkụ hydrophobic nke molekul. A na-enweta mmanya na-egbu egbu sitere n'okike site na transesteration na nkewa nke abụba na griiz (triglyceride) iji mepụta fatty acid methyl ester kwekọrọ, na hydrogenated. Dabere n'ogologo mmanya alkyl mmanya na-aba ụba chọrọ, ihe ndị bụ isi bụ mmanụ na abụba: aki oyibo ma ọ bụ mmanụ kernel maka usoro C12-14, na tallow, nkwụ ma ọ bụ mmanụ rapeseed maka C16-18 fatty alcohols.
1.2 Carbohydrate isi iyi
Akụkụ hydrophilic nke alkyl polyglycoside molecule sitere na carbohydrate.
Macromolecular carbohydrates na monomer carbohydrates dabeere na starch nke
ọka, ọka wit ma ọ bụ nduku na enwere ike iji dị ka akụrụngwa maka nkwadebe nke alkyl glycosides. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, carbohydrates polymer na-agụnye ọkwa starch dị ala ma ọ bụ sirop glucose, ebe carbohydrates monomer nwere ike ịbụ ụdị glucose ọ bụla, dị ka glucose na-adịghị mma, glucose monohydrate, ma ọ bụ sirop glucose mebiri emebi.
Nhọrọ nke akụrụngwa na-emetụta ọ bụghị naanị ọnụ ahịa akụrụngwa, kamakwa ọnụ ahịa mmepụta.
N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ọnụ ahịa akụrụngwa na-abawanye n'usoro starch/glucose sirop/glucose monohydrate/glucose na-enweghị mmiri ebe ihe ihe ọkụkụ chọrọ na ya mere ọnụ ahịa mmepụta na-ebelata n'otu usoro ahụ. (Foto nke 1)