Ihe a chọrọ maka ihe ọkụkụ na-emepụta alkyl glycoside na-adabere na njikọ Fisher na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ụdị carbohydrate eji na ogologo ogologo mmanya a na-eji eme ihe. A na-ebute ụzọ na-emepụta mmepụta nke alkyl glycosides na-edozi mmiri nke dabeere na octanol / decanol na dodecanol / tetradecanol. . Alkyl polyglycosides nke, maka DP nyere, na-adịghị ike ime na mmiri n'ihi mmanya a na-eji (ọnụọgụ C atom na alkyl chian≥16) na-emeso ya iche.
N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke alkyl polyglucoside synthesis catalyzed site acid, a na-emepụta ngwaahịa abụọ dị ka polyglucose ether na adịghị ọcha acha. , dị ka okpomọkụ, nrụgide, oge mmeghachi omume, catalyst, wdg. Otu n'ime nsogbu ndị a na-edozi site na mmepe nke mmepụta alkyl polyglycosides mmepụta ihe na afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya bụ ibelata mmepụta nke ngwaahịa abụọ metụtara njikọ.
N'ozuzu, mmanya na-egbu egbu (C8 / 10-OH) na obere DP (nnukwu mmanya na-aba n'anya) alkyl glycosides nwere nsogbu mmepụta kacha nta. Na mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume, na mmụba nke mmanya na-aba n'anya, mmepụta nke ngwaahịa abụọ na-ebelata. Ọ na-ebelata nrụgide okpomọkụ ma wepụ mmanya na-aba n'anya n'oge a na-emepụta ngwaahịa pyrolysis.
Enwere ike ịkọwa Fisher glycosidation dị ka usoro nke glucose na-emeghachi ngwa ngwa na nzọụkwụ mbụ ma nweta nha nha oligomer. Nke a na-esote nbibi nke alkyl glycosides ngwa ngwa. Usoro mmebi ahụ gụnyere usoro ndị dị ka dealkylation na polymerization, nke, na ụbara mkpokọta, irreversibly etolite a thermodynamically kwụsie ike polyglucose. The mmeghachi omume ngwakọta gafere ezigbo oge mmeghachi omume na-akpọ overreaction.Ọ bụrụ na mmeghachi omume akwụsị akaghi aka, n'ihi na mmeghachi omume ngwakọta nwere nnukwu ego nke fọdụrụ glucose.
Ọnwụ nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke alkyl glucoside na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume nwere ezigbo mmekọrịta na nguzobe nke polyglucose. N'ihe banyere mmeghachi omume dị ukwuu, ngwakọta mmeghachi omume na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-aghọ polyphase ọzọ site na mmiri ozuzo nke polyglucose. Ya mere, àgwà ngwaahịa na mkpụrụ ngwaahịa na-emetụta nke ukwuu site n'oge nkwụsị nke mmeghachi omume. Malite na glucose siri ike, alkyl glycosides na ngwaahịa abụọ. obere ọdịnaya, na-enye ohere ka ehichapụ ihe ndị ọzọ pola (polyglucose) na carbohydrates ndị fọdụrụ na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume nke na-emeghachibeghị nke ọma.
N'ime usoro kachasị mma, ntinye ngwaahịa etherification dị ntakịrị (dabere na mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ, oge, ụdị ihe na-akpali akpali na ntinye uche, wdg).
Ọnụ ọgụgụ 4 na-egosi usoro omume nke mmeghachi omume kpọmkwem nke dextrose na mmanya na-aba n'anya (C12 / 14-OH).

Okpomọkụ na nrụgide nke usoro mmeghachi omume na-ejikọta ibe ha na mmeghachi omume fischer glycation. Iji mepụta alkyl polyglycosides na ngwaahịa nke abụọ dị ala, a ghaghị imegharị nrụgide na okpomọkụ na ibe ya ma na-achịkwa ya nke ọma.
Alkyl polyglycosides dị ala na ngwaahịa nke abụọ kpatara okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume dị ala (100 ℃) na acetalization. Otú ọ dị, obere okpomọkụ na-ebute ogologo oge mmeghachi omume dịtụ ogologo (dabere na ogologo mmanya mmanya ahụ) yana obere arụmọrụ reactor dị ala. Okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume dịtụ elu (+ 100 ℃, ọ na-abụkarị 110-120 ℃) ​​nwere ike ibute mgbanwe na agba nke carbohydrates. Site na iwepu ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume na-esi ísì ụtọ (mmiri na njikọ kpọmkwem, mmanya dị mkpụmkpụ na usoro transacetalization) site na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume, a na-atụgharị nha acetalization n'akụkụ ngwaahịa. Ọ bụrụ na a na-emepụta oke mmiri dịtụ ukwuu kwa nkeji oge, dịka ọmụmaatụ site na okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume dị elu, a ghaghị ime ndokwa maka iwepụ mmiri a dị irè site na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume. Nke a na-ebelata mmeghachi omume nke abụọ (karịsịa nhazi nke polydextrose) nke na-eme n'ihu mmiri. Ọrụ evaporation nke usoro mmeghachi omume na-adabere ọ bụghị naanị na nrụgide, kamakwa mpaghara evaporation, wdg. Mmetụta mmeghachi omume a na-ahụkarị na transacetalization na ụdị njikọ njikọ kpọmkwem dị n'etiti 20 na 100mbar.
Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa na-eme ka njikarịcha dị mkpa bụ mmepe nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na usoro glycosidation, si otú a na-egbochi, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nhazi polyglucose na etherification. Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, acetal ma ọ bụ ntụgharị acetal na Fischer synthesis na-eme ka acids na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke ọma. adabara maka nzube a, dị ka sulfuric acid, p-toluene na alkyl benzenesulfonic acid na sulfonic succinic acid. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmeghachi omume na-adabere na acidity na ntinye nke acid dị na mmanya na-aba n'anya. Mmeghachi omume nke abụọ nke nwekwara ike ịmepụta acids ( Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nhazi polyglucose) na-eme n'ụzọ bụ isi na mpaghara polar (mmiri trace) nke ngwakọta mmeghachi omume, na alkyl chains nke enwere ike belata site na iji hydrophobic acid (dịka, alkyl benzenesulfonic acid) na-agbaze na mbụ na obere polar frasi nke ngwakọta mmeghachi omume.
Mgbe mmeghachi omume ahụ gasịrị, a na-ewepụ onye na-emepụta acid acid na ntọala kwesịrị ekwesị, dị ka sodium hydroxide na magnesium oxide. Ngwakọta mmeghachi omume na-adịghị ahụkebe bụ ihe ngwọta na-acha odo odo nke nwere 50 ruo 80 pasent abụba bara uru. Ọdịnaya mmanya na-aba ụba nke ukwuu bụ n'ihi oke molar nke carbohydrates na mmanya ndị nwere abụba. A na-edozi oke a iji nweta DP kpọmkwem maka alkyl polyglycosides ụlọ ọrụ, ma na-adịkarị n'etiti 1: 2 na 1: 6.
A na-ewepụ mmanya na-aba n'anya karịrị akarị site na mgbasa agụụ. Ọnọdụ oke dị mkpa gụnyere:
- Ọdịnaya mmanya na-aba ụba nke abụba fọdụrụ n'ime ngwaahịa ga-abụrịrị<1% n'ihi na ndị ọzọ
solubility amamihe na isi na-emetụta nke ọma.
- Iji belata nguzobe nke ngwaahịa pyrolysis achọghị ma ọ bụ ihe na-agbanwe agba, nrụgide okpomọkụ na oge obibi nke ngwaahịa ezubere ga-adị ala dị ka o kwere mee dabere na ogologo mmanya mmanya.
Ọ dịghị monoglycoside kwesịrị ịbanye na distillate n'ihi na a na-emegharị distillate na mmeghachi omume dịka mmanya na-aba n'anya dị ọcha.
N'ihe banyere dodecanol / tetradecanol, a na-eji ihe ndị a chọrọ maka iwepụ oke mmanya na-aba n'anya, bụ nke na-enye afọ ojuju site na multistage ditillation. Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na ka ọdịnaya nke mmanya na-egbu egbu na-ebelata, viscosity na-abawanye nke ukwuu. O doro anya na nke a na-emebi okpomọkụ na oke nnyefe na njedebe ikpeazụ distillation.
Ya mere, a na-ahọrọ ndị na-ekpofu ọkụ ma ọ bụ dị mkpụmkpụ. Na evaporators ndị a, ihe nkiri na-akpụ akpụ na-arụ ọrụ na-enye elu karịa arụmọrụ evaporation na oge obibi ngwaahịa dị mkpụmkpụ, yana ezigbo oghere. Ngwaahịa ikpeazụ mgbe distillation gasịrị bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ alkyl polyglycoside dị ọcha, nke na-agbakọta dị ka ihe siri ike na ebe mgbaze nke 70 ℃ ruo 150 ℃. Achịkọtara isi usoro nke njikọ alkyl dị ka eserese 5.

Dabere na usoro n'ichepụta ihe, otu ma ọ bụ abụọ mmanya na-asọ asọ na-agbakọta na mmepụta nke alkyl polyglycoside; mmanya na-egbu oke abụba, ebe ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na a na-enwetakwa mmanya ndị nwere obere eriri. Enwere ike ijikwa mmanya ndị a na mmeghachi omume na-esote. Mkpa a na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha ma ọ bụ ugboro ole a ga-eji mee ihe nchacha na-adabere na adịghị ọcha na-akwakọba na mmanya. Nke a dabere na ogo usoro nke bu ụzọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ mmeghachi omume, mwepụ mmanya).
Mgbe e wepụsịrị mmanya na-egbu egbu, ihe na-arụ ọrụ alkyl polyglycoside na-agbaze ozugbo na mmiri nke mere na 50 ruo 70 % viscous viscous ga-emepụta mado alkyl polyglycoside. N'ime usoro nnụcha ndị na-esote, a na-arụ ọrụ mado a ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa na-eju afọ dịka ihe achọrọ metụtara arụmọrụ. Usoro nchacha ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye ịchacha ngwaahịa, ngbanwe nke njirimara ngwaahịa, dị ka uru Ph na ọdịnaya ihe na-arụ ọrụ, yana nkwụsi ike microbial. N'ime akwụkwọ ikike ikike, enwere ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke ịcha ọcha na oxidative na usoro abụọ nke ịcha ọcha oxidative na reductive stabilization. Mgbalị na ya mere ọnụ ahịa a na-etinye na usoro ndị a iji nweta ụfọdụ àgwà dị mma, dị ka agba, dabere na ihe ndị chọrọ ịrụ ọrụ, na ihe mmalite, DP chọrọ na àgwà nke usoro usoro.
Ọnụọgụ 6 na-egosi usoro mmepụta mmepụta ihe maka ogologo agbụ alkyl polyglycosides (C12 / 14 APG) site na njikọ kpọmkwem)