Okwu Mmalite nke ALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDES

Alkyl glucosides nwere ihe fọdụrụ na hydrophobic alkyl nke sitere na mmanya na-aba ụba na saccharide hydrophilic nke sitere na D-glucose, nke ejikọtara site na njikọ glycosidic. Alkyl glucosides na-egosi residues alkyl nwere ihe dị ka C6-C18 atom, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ihe sitere na ụdị ihe ndị ọzọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ alkyl polyglycol ethers a ma ama. Njirimara a ma ama bụ otu hydrophilic headgroup, mebere site na ihe owuwu saccharide nwere otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ glycosidically jikọrọ ọnụ D-glucose. N'ime kemịkalụ organic, nkeji D-glucose sitere na carbohydrates, nke a na-ahụkarị n'okike n'ụdị shuga ma ọ bụ oligo na polysaccharides. Nke a bụ ya mere nkeji D-glucose bụ nhọrọ doro anya maka otu hydrophilic headgroup nke surfactants, ebe ọ bụ na carbohydrates anaghị agwụ agwụ, akụrụngwa na-emegharị ọhụrụ. Enwere ike ịnọchite anya Alkyl glucosides n'ụzọ dị mfe na n'ozuzu ya site na usoro ihe ngosi ha.

Ọdịdị nke D-glucose nkeji na-egosi 6 carbon carbon. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke D-glucose nkeji na alkyl polyglucosides bụ n = 1 na alkyl monoglucosides, n = 2 na alkyl diglucosides, n = 3 na alkyl triglucosides, na ndị ọzọ. N'akwụkwọ, ngwakọta nke alkyl glucosides nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke D-glucose nkeji na-akpọkarị alkyl oligoglucosides ma ọ bụ alkyl polyglucosides. Ọ bụ ezie na aha "alkyl oligoglucoside" ziri ezi n'ụzọ zuru oke na nke a, okwu ahụ bụ "alkyl polyglucoside" na-abụkarị ihe na-eduhie eduhie, ebe ọ bụ na surfactant alkyl polyglucosides anaghị enwe ihe karịrị nkeji ise D-glucose, ya mere ọ bụghị polymers. N'ime usoro nke alkyl polyglucosides, n na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke D-glucose nkeji, ya bụ, ogo polymerization n nke na-adịkarị n'etiti 1 na 5. Ogologo ogologo nke hydrophobic alkyl residues na-adịkarị n'etiti X = 6 na X = 8 carbon atom.

Ụzọ e si emepụta surfactant alkyl glucosides, karịsịa nhọrọ nke akụrụngwa, na-enyere aka dịgasị iche iche nke ngwaahịa njedebe, nke nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị ọcha alkyl glucosides ma ọ bụ alkyl glucoside ngwakọta. Maka nke mbụ, a na-etinye iwu n'ụdị nomenclature na-eji na kemịl carbohydrate n'ọrụ n'ime ederede a. Ngwakọta alkyl glucoside nke a na-arụkarị ọrụ dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka teknụzụ ka a na-enyekarị aha ndị dị ka "alkyl polyglucosides," ma ọ bụ "APGs." A na-enye nkọwa na ederede ebe ọ dị mkpa.

Usoro ihe omimi anaghị ekpughe mgbagwoju anya stereochemistry na polyfunctionality nke alkyl glucosides. Ihe fọdụrụ alkyl nwere ogologo nwere ike ịnwe skeleton carbon linear ma ọ bụ alaka, ọ bụ ezie na a na-enyekarị ihe residus alkyl linear. N'ikwu okwu kemịkalụ, nkeji D-glucose niile bụ polyhydroxyacetals, nke na-adị iche na mgbanaka mgbanaka ha (nke sitere na oghere furan ise ma ọ bụ mgbanaka pyran nwere isii) yana na nhazi anomeric nke ihe owuwu acetal. Ọzọkwa, enwere nhọrọ dị iche iche maka ụdị njikọ glycosidic n'etiti nkeji D-glucose nke alkyl oligosaccharides. Karịsịa na ihe fọdụrụ na saccharide nke alkyl polyglucosides, ọdịiche ndị a nwere ike iduga n'ọtụtụ dị iche iche, usoro kemịkalụ dị mgbagwoju anya, na-eme ka aha nke ihe ndị a na-esiwanye ike.